Madeira-vine family
Basellaceae Raf.

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Madeira-vine family

Basellaceae Raf.

ツルムラサキ科

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A small family of climbing succulent herbs of tropical American origin, comprising about 20 species. In Japan, Basella alba (Malabar spinach, of Asian origin) is widely cultivated as a vegetable and naturalized in warm areas. The leaves are succulent and mucilaginous, and are edible.

Key Characteristics

  • Climbing succulent herbs
  • Leaves are simple, alternate, succulent, and glossy
  • Flowers are small with 5 sepals and no petals
  • Fruit is a single-seeded fruit enclosed in fleshy persistent sepals

Morphological Traits

A family may include species with different trait values — multiple values indicate the range within the family.

Leaf arrangement

Alternate / Opposite

Leaf type

Simple

Venation

Pinnate / Palmate

Leaf margin

Entire

Growth form

Herb

Evergreen/Deciduous

Deciduous

Leaf dissection

Undivided

Stipules

Absent

Flower symmetry

Actinomorphic

Petal count

5 petals / Many

Petal fusion

Fused

Ovary position

Superior

Stamen count

1-2 / 5

Plant sex

Hermaphrodite / Monoecious

Phylogenetic Position

Angiosperms > Eudicots > Core Eudicots > Caryophyllales > Basellaceae

Divergence Era

Paleogene (ca. 45 million years ago)

Representative Genera

ツルムラサキ属(Basella)アンレデラ属(Anredera)ウルバニア属(Ullucus)

Related Evolution Events

  • Acquisition of water storage capacity through succulent stems and leaves
  • Adaptation to forest margin climbing habit through twining growth
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Plants in Madeira-vine family on this site

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