Ginger family
Zingiberaceae

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Ginger family

Zingiberaceae

ショウガ科

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A family containing important spices such as ginger, turmeric, myoga, and cardamom. About 50 genera and 1,600 species are known, with the center of diversity in tropical Asia. In Japan, ginger, myoga, and Alpinia are cultivated or grow natively. Essential oils and pigments accumulate in rhizomes.

Key Characteristics

  • Rhizomes contain aromatic essential oils
  • Leaf sheaths are well-developed, with a ligule present
  • Only one fertile stamen; others are modified into a labellum
  • Flowers are zygomorphic with a well-developed labellum (lip)
  • Fruit is a capsule or berry

Morphological Traits

A family may include species with different trait values — multiple values indicate the range within the family.

Leaf arrangement

Alternate

Leaf type

Simple

Venation

Pinnate

Leaf margin

Entire

Growth form

Herb

Evergreen/Deciduous

Evergreen

Leaf dissection

Undivided

Aromatic

Aromatic / None

Flower symmetry

Zygomorphic

Petal count

6 petals

Ovary position

Inferior

Stamen count

3-4

Plant sex

Hermaphrodite

Phylogenetic Position

Angiosperms > Monocots > Zingiberales > Zingiberaceae

Divergence Era

Late Cretaceous to Paleogene (from about 80 million years ago)

Representative Genera

ショウガ属(Zingiber)ウコン属(Curcuma)カルダモン属(Elettaria)ハナミョウガ属(Alpinia)

Related Evolution Events

  • Accumulation of secondary metabolites such as essential oils and curcumin in rhizomes
  • Rapid diversification in tropical Asia
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Plants in Ginger family on this site

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