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Pine family🌲
Pinaceae
マツ科
A gymnosperm family including pines, spruces, firs, and cedars. Approximately 11 genera and 230 species are known, widely distributed in boreal to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. One of the most important families in forestry.
Key Characteristics
- ●Mostly evergreen conifers
- ●Needle-like leaves in fascicles (Pinus: 2–5 per bundle)
- ●Gymnosperms bearing cones (strobili)
- ●Contain resin (pine pitch)
Morphological Traits
A family may include species with different trait values — multiple values indicate the range within the family.
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf type
Simple
Venation
Parallel
Leaf margin
Entire
Leaf shape
Needle
Growth form
Tree
Evergreen/Deciduous
Evergreen / Deciduous
Stipules
Absent
Aromatic
Aromatic
Petal fusion
No petals
Ovary position
Superior
Plant sex
Monoecious
Phylogenetic Position
Gymnosperms > Pinopsida > Pinales > Pinaceae
Divergence Era
Triassic to Jurassic (approx. 200 million years ago onward)
Representative Genera
Related Evolution Events
- ・Major conifer dominance during the Mesozoic
- ・Formation of boreal taiga forests